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Specific Gravity Formula:
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Specific gravity (SG) is a dimensionless quantity that represents the ratio of the density of water at a given temperature to the density of water at 4°C (which is 999.972 kg/m³). It's used to compare the density of water at different temperatures.
The calculator uses the specific gravity formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates how dense water is at a given temperature compared to its maximum density at 4°C.
Details: Specific gravity calculations are important in various scientific and industrial applications, including hydrology, engineering, brewing, and aquarium maintenance, where water density variations with temperature affect processes and measurements.
Tips: Enter the density of water at the specific temperature in kg/m³. The reference density at 4°C (999.972 kg/m³) is automatically used in the calculation.
Q1: Why is water density at 4°C used as reference?
A: Water reaches its maximum density at approximately 4°C, making it a standard reference point for specific gravity calculations.
Q2: How does temperature affect water density?
A: Water density increases as temperature decreases from 100°C to 4°C, then slightly decreases as it approaches freezing point.
Q3: What are typical specific gravity values for water?
A: At 4°C, SG = 1.000. At 20°C, SG ≈ 0.998. The value decreases as temperature increases above 4°C.
Q4: Can this calculator be used for other liquids?
A: No, this calculator is specifically designed for water. Other liquids have different reference densities for specific gravity calculations.
Q5: Why is specific gravity dimensionless?
A: Because it's a ratio of two densities with the same units, which cancel out, leaving a unitless number.